{"id":24306,"date":"2025-09-09T06:24:54","date_gmt":"2025-09-08T23:54:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/?p=24306"},"modified":"2026-01-12T03:26:08","modified_gmt":"2026-01-11T20:56:08","slug":"in-tumult-understanding-soft-power","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/es\/in-tumult-understanding-soft-power\/","title":{"rendered":"En medio del tumulto, comprender el poder blando"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/es\/apertura-clave-poder-blando\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"15097\" target=\"_self\">El poder blando<\/a> es la capacidad de un pa\u00eds para persuadir, en lugar de coaccionar, a otros pa\u00edses a adoptar su punto de vista. Se basa en las relaciones que las personas de ese pa\u00eds mantienen con personas del resto del mundo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>How do you know about other countries?&nbsp; Have you met someone from there?&nbsp; Or maybe you have visited that place. Perhaps you have family or friends in other countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When I was a child, I had classmates from Korea.&nbsp; I learned from their parents not to trust Japanese brands, but later my friends bought Sony Walkmans anyway.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I had a friend who was Persian.&nbsp;At Ramadan, she told us she was trying to fast that year, but her parents told her she did not need to on the day we were going to a math competition.&nbsp;Later, I learned Persia was Iran.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I had friends from Vietnam.&nbsp;When I grew up, I realized they were refugees from American War with Vietnam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>Cuanto m\u00e1s abierto est\u00e1 un pa\u00eds a las personas, a los negocios y al aprendizaje, mayor es su poder.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>I had teachers from Cuba, they taught us Spanish and to love Enrique Iglesias.&nbsp;Later I understood they fled Fidel Castro\u2019s revolution.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I had a teacher from Dresden, East Germany, who told us how her city was terribly bombed in World War II.&nbsp; She must have escaped communism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>My Jewish classmates had to go to school on the weekend to learn Hebrew.&nbsp;I felt solidarity with them, because I also had to go to Chinese school on Saturdays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Esto no ocurri\u00f3 en la ciudad de Nueva York ni en una gran metr\u00f3polis de la costa oeste de Estados Unidos, sino en una ciudad peque\u00f1a del sur del pa\u00eds. Es una experiencia t\u00edpicamente estadounidense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grandes cambios<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Lately, soft power has been in the news because of big changes in US foreign policy.&nbsp; Some of its guiding ideas have been set aside, its policy agencies closed down, and civil society organizations more constrained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/05\/18\/opinion\/trump-soft-power-state.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">El respeto por los derechos humanos como objetivo de la pol\u00edtica exterior<\/a>, que en el pasado fue tan frecuentemente ignorado como proclamado, ha pasado ahora a un segundo plano. Algunas oficinas gubernamentales que lo promov\u00edan dentro del gobierno federal y organizaciones financiadas por el Estado, como la National Endowment for Democracy, el US Institute of Peace y el Wilson Center for International Scholars, han sido <a href=\"https:\/\/triblive.com\/opinion\/andreas-kluth-americas-loss-of-soft-power-is-putins-gain\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cerradas<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Las <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thetimes.com\/comment\/columnists\/article\/scrapping-us-aid-hands-rivals-win-donald-trump-vtkphwjsv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">agencias de ayuda exterior de Estados Unidos han sido desmanteladas<\/a>. La Agencia de Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional, un legado del presidente Kennedy, est\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/trump-administration-american-soft-power-faces-the-axe-9911420\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cerrada<\/a>. Instituciones emblem\u00e1ticas de la Guerra Fr\u00eda, como la Voz de Am\u00e9rica, Radio Free Asia y Radio Free Europe, ahora guardan silencio.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/47Ridcz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"333\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Wu-Measuring-soft-power.webp\" alt=\"Soft power cover book\" class=\"wp-image-24331\" srcset=\"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Wu-Measuring-soft-power.webp 333w, https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Wu-Measuring-soft-power-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Wu-Measuring-soft-power-8x12.webp 8w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 333px) 100vw, 333px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Los canales habituales para que personas extranjeras experimenten Estados Unidos se est\u00e1n reduciendo. Hay m\u00e1s barreras para inmigrar. Existe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/08\/14\/business\/us-international-students-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">presi\u00f3n contra las estudiantes extranjeras<\/a> en las universidades. Hay m\u00e1s tasas para las personas que quieren viajar a EE.\u202fUU., incluso para los Juegos Ol\u00edmpicos y la Copa Mundial. Se han impuesto aranceles a la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.barrons.com\/news\/trump-s-moves-seen-threatening-key-sources-of-us-soft-power-a87f881e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">industria cinematogr\u00e1fica estadounidense<\/a>, lo que representa m\u00e1s una carga que un apoyo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Multilateral approaches are set aside in favor of bilateral negotiations.&nbsp; In a multilateral context, there is a more efficient negotiation that moves a whole region or the whole world to the next level.&nbsp; However, bilaterally, the US almost always has a stronger negotiating position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">La gente expresa temor ante estos cambios. En primer lugar, se ver\u00e1n perjudicadas las personas que antes recib\u00edan ayuda. En segundo lugar, la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica sobre Estados Unidos disminuir\u00e1 en otros pa\u00edses, lo que llevar\u00e1 a un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/63df699a-efdb-4613-b070-80a763ec024e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">debilitamiento general<\/a> del <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pressreader.com\/oman\/oman-daily-observer\/20250521\/281762750168609?srsltid=AfmBOoquHBDik_7mKPeDOO0m3PpSkUuUn-IvNz6l0N3x6PBo8yL8c95Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">poder blando estadounidense<\/a>. En tercer lugar, algunas personas creen que la reducci\u00f3n de la influencia de Estados Unidos deja un vac\u00edo que podr\u00eda ser llenado por <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pressreader.com\/china\/south-china-morning-post-6150\/20250519\/281908779051299?srsltid=AfmBOorNyBivXz0nVptkxMeOfH_2JknsPwP9w80cXx9QJWua5cRlj6Yz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">China<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/europpblog\/2025\/07\/03\/can-the-eu-become-a-strategic-normative-power-in-a-fractured-world\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Europa<\/a> o <a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraphindia.com\/opinion\/fill-the-void-the-us-has-turned-its-back-on-soft-power-prnt\/cid\/2088221\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">India<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Hasta ahora, los reportes muestran que las <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/iom-migration-us-aid-cuts-humanitarian-migrants-61cdf8c96a0a26211a2c8cd5042a44d1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personas que antes recib\u00edan ayuda de Estados Unidos<\/a> ahora est\u00e1n sufriendo por su ausencia. La <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/global\/2025\/06\/11\/us-image-declines-in-many-nations-amid-low-confidence-in-trump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica extranjera<\/a> sobre Estados Unidos ha disminuido. En particular, las <a href=\"https:\/\/www.travelandleisure.com\/canadian-tourism-plunges-in-usa-11784958\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personas canadienses<\/a> han <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/suzannerowankelleher\/2025\/08\/11\/canadian-car-visits-us-plunge-37-percent\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reducido sus viajes<\/a>, sus negocios y otros lazos con estadounidenses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Otras personas sienten alivio ante estos cambios. En primer lugar, algunas piensan que Estados Unidos se extralimita. Negociar sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/thehill.com\/opinion\/international\/5318242-joseph-nye-is-dead-and-the-illusion-of-ethical-power-politics-should-die-too\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">temas que realmente le importan<\/a> resulta m\u00e1s apropiado que proclamar ideales que luego no cumple. En segundo lugar, para quienes ven a Estados Unidos como una potencia dif\u00edcil e imperial, estos cambios resultan esclarecedores. Es m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil ver al <a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.ug\/-the-last-word-the-dent-in-americans-soft-power\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">verdadero Estados Unidos<\/a> sin los adornos de la ayuda y el apoyo al desarrollo econ\u00f3mico que lo encubren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La naturaleza del poder blando<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Existen pruebas sobre lo que sostiene el poder blando de un pa\u00eds. Las pel\u00edculas y la <a href=\"https:\/\/patterson.scholars.harvard.edu\/sites\/g\/files\/omnuum1851\/files\/patterson\/files\/ecumencial.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cultura popular<\/a> crean una marca estadounidense, una que ha sido especialmente importante desde la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nonviolent-conflict.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/1979\/01\/the-power-of-the-powerless.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Guerra Fr\u00eda<\/a> hasta hoy. Una ayuda exterior eficaz mejora la imagen p\u00fablica de Estados Unidos; el programa <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1561\/100.00013036\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PEPFAR<\/a>, que ampli\u00f3 el acceso al tratamiento del VIH en \u00c1frica, lo demuestra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote alignright\"><blockquote><p>El poder blando es como el capital social entre pa\u00edses.&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">La <a href=\"https:\/\/press.uchicago.edu\/ucp\/books\/book\/chicago\/D\/bo8503445.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">educaci\u00f3n internacional<\/a>, que ofrece a personas extranjeras y estadounidenses <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomsbury.com\/us\/military-soft-power-9781442231290\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">oportunidades estructuradas para vivir y trabajar juntas<\/a>, tambi\u00e9n genera relaciones de poder blando. De manera similar, el <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1031461X.2013.817450\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">viaje internacional<\/a> crea oportunidades para que las personas interact\u00faen. Las personas extranjeras dejan de ser abstracciones en las noticias; ahora son Keiko, de Osaka, quien sirvi\u00f3 ese sushi espectacular, o Glorimar, quien dio indicaciones para llegar a la mejor playa de la isla. La <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2193-9039-2-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inmigraci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n conecta a los pa\u00edses<\/a>. Las familias aprenden c\u00f3mo es realmente otro pa\u00eds a trav\u00e9s de sus familiares y amistades que viven all\u00ed: una visi\u00f3n aut\u00e9ntica, sin intermediarios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\u00bfEl comercio apoya el poder blando de un pa\u00eds? En la medida en que el comercio <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0003055419000868\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acerca a las personas<\/a>, s\u00ed mejora la percepci\u00f3n sobre el otro pa\u00eds. Si se trata solo de <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9781139505758\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">una marca de producto extranjero<\/a>, vendida por locales a otros locales, entonces menos. Sin embargo, cuanto m\u00e1s poder blando tiene un pa\u00eds \u2014es decir, cuanto m\u00e1s agrada a las personas en otros pa\u00edses\u2014, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ecpo.12077\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">m\u00e1s comercio internacional atrae<\/a>. Ser amigable tambi\u00e9n es rentable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Government policies and actions influence a country\u2019s soft power growth, or decline, but the foundation of soft power is civil society, in the relationships that the people of one country have with people in other countries.&nbsp;It is a long game, not a short one.&nbsp;We will have to see whether the recent changes in US foreign policy ultimately isolate Americans from the rest of the world, or if people will continue to build their friendships and ties, like water finding its level.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo lo sabremos?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Soft Power Rubric is a way to measure the soft power relationships between countries.&nbsp;In its basic form, it includes data on the number of immigrants, international students, and international visitors.&nbsp;Usually, the more foreigners come into a country, the greater the country\u2019s soft power relationships.&nbsp;The more a country is open to people, open for business, open for learning, the greater the power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Seg\u00fan la <a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3VqKqzz\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/47Ridcz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Matriz de Poder Blando<\/a>, entre 1960 y 2020, Estados Unidos ocupa el primer lugar como superpotencia mundial del poder blando. Esto se debe principalmente a que es el pa\u00eds con m\u00e1s personas inmigrantes y estudiantes internacionales del mundo, y porque estas personas provienen de todas las regiones del planeta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From 1960 to 1990, France and Great Britain are always among the top five soft power leaders.&nbsp; Some decades Canada, Italy, Switzerland, or Russia are also among the top countries.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"--border-width: 0 0 0 0;--desktop-padding: 30px 30px 30px 30px ;--tablet-padding: 25px 25px 25px 25px ;--mobile-padding: 20px 20px 20px 20px ;\" class=\"gb-wrap gb-cta yes-shadow wp-block-foxiz-elements-cta\"><div class=\"gb-cta-inner\"><div class=\"gb-cta-content\"><div class=\"gb-cta-header\"><h2 class=\"gb-heading none-toc\"><strong>Conoce los libros de nuestros colaboradores<\/strong><\/h2><div class=\"cta-description translation-block\">Una cuidada selecci\u00f3n de t\u00edtulos en ciencias sociales y humanidades, presentados por sus autores en las p\u00e1ginas de <em>Politics and Rights Review<\/em>.<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"gb-buttons\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/es\/the-book-curator\/\" class=\"cta-btn gb-btn is-btn btn-filled\">Ver la colecci\u00f3n<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>From 2000 to 2020, France, Great Britain, and now Germany are always among the top five, along with the US.&nbsp; France leads in the number of foreign visitors.&nbsp; Great Britain leads in the number of foreign students. Germany leads in both immigrants and foreign students.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">China en 2020 ocupa el puesto 16<sup>\u00ba<\/sup>. Su mayor recurso de poder blando es la atracci\u00f3n de visitantes extranjeros. Es un gran avance tras varias d\u00e9cadas; hasta hace poco, en 1980, el pa\u00eds estaba cerrado para la mayor\u00eda de las personas extranjeras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From the perspective of the Soft Power Rubric, if there is a decline in US soft power, the most likely beneficiaries are the other soft power leaders \u2013 France, Great Britain, and Germany.&nbsp; Regionally, other countries that are the most open to immigrants, foreign students and foreign visitors will benefit; in the Americas, Canada; Eastern Europe and Middle East, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates; in Africa, South Africa; in East Asia, Japan and Australia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As\u00ed como es posible analizar la composici\u00f3n del comercio internacional de un pa\u00eds, tambi\u00e9n es posible observar la <a href=\"https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=5407402\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">composici\u00f3n de sus relaciones de poder blando<\/a>. En 2024, las relaciones de poder blando de Estados Unidos se distribuyen as\u00ed: 16\u202f% con M\u00e9xico, principalmente personas inmigrantes y visitantes; 13\u202f% con India, sobre todo estudiantes e inmigrantes; 11\u202f% con Canad\u00e1, en su mayor\u00eda visitantes; y 11\u202f% con China, principalmente estudiantes. El 51\u202f% de las relaciones de poder blando de Estados Unidos con el mundo se concentra en estos cuatro pa\u00edses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Data for the Soft Power Rubric take time to collect.&nbsp; Accurate reporting requires about two years between the close of a calendar year and the publication of data by international organizations.&nbsp; In time we will see how much US government policy changes affect the actual flow of foreigners to the US, and Americans abroad.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 es importante? \u00bfQu\u00e9 puedes hacer?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>En los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n y en muchas columnas de opini\u00f3n, hay gran preocupaci\u00f3n de que el poder blando de Estados Unidos \u2014y el de otros pa\u00edses ricos\u2014 se vea afectado por la reducci\u00f3n de presupuestos p\u00fablicos y el aumento del gasto militar, lo que lleva a recortes en ayuda al desarrollo y asistencia humanitaria. En el caso de Estados Unidos, muchas personas consideran que su enfoque de pol\u00edtica exterior, que utiliza las amenazas como t\u00e1ctica normal de negociaci\u00f3n y acepta un alto umbral de conflicto incluso entre aliados y amistades, podr\u00eda debilitar su influencia de poder blando en el sistema internacional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sin embargo, el poder blando no est\u00e1 impulsado principalmente por la pol\u00edtica gubernamental ni sostenido por la ayuda estatal. En realidad, la base del poder blando son las relaciones que las personas mantienen con otras personas en otros pa\u00edses. Lo que se necesita para fomentar el poder blando es<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>protecting those relationships and the communication channels that support them. This rests in the hands of civil society primarily &#8211; including ordinary people, community organizations, businesses, schools, cultural centers, sports leagues, and religious houses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"rb-list\">Having soft power really counts when there is a crisis and a country wants to persuade other countries to help, even though helping may cost something for those other countries.&nbsp; Political scientists call these situations collective action problems.&nbsp; Under what conditions do people come together to work for a common goal, even when this might call for some to sacrifice \u2013 of time, money, or other resources?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list rb-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Primero, ayuda confiar unas en otras. La confianza es f\u00e1cil cuando tenemos algo en com\u00fan: apoyamos al mismo equipo deportivo o venimos del mismo pueblo. Pero tambi\u00e9n es posible confiar entre personas desconocidas, dec\u00eda la ganadora del Premio Nobel <a href=\"https:\/\/www.russellsage.org\/publications\/book\/trust-and-reciprocity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elinor Ostrom<\/a>. Ella demostr\u00f3 que si las personas desconocidas tienen la oportunidad de colaborar y devolverse ayuda y apoyo, con el tiempo <a href=\"https:\/\/escotet.org\/2010\/11\/interview-with-nobel-laureate-elinor-ostrom\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pueden construir suficiente confianza<\/a> para trabajar juntas. Lo observ\u00f3 tanto en el laboratorio, realizando experimentos con personas, como en el campo, donde estudi\u00f3 c\u00f3mo la gente compart\u00eda exitosamente el agua y la tierra, estableciendo sus propias reglas y resolviendo sus propios problemas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">En segundo lugar, otro concepto relacionado es el de <a href=\"http:\/\/bowlingalone.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">capital social<\/a>, popularizado por otro polit\u00f3logo, Robert Putnam. En sus estudios, mostr\u00f3 que cuando las personas forman parte de organizaciones de la sociedad civil \u2014una forma elegante de decir ligas de boliche o asistir a la iglesia\u2014, aprenden a colaborar para lograr objetivos, y eso puede traducirse en participaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Bas\u00e1ndome en el trabajo de Ostrom, Putnam y otras personas investigadoras, identifiqu\u00e9 las \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.press.jhu.edu\/books\/title\/11288\/forging-trust-communities?srsltid=AfmBOoryFX83MC7kOyQD31VnZU0_SP4wB7_0uEAvVnMkjgHaOh3Jv3BX\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">comunidades de confianza<\/a>\u201d, grupos de personas que construyeron capital social, a menudo colaborando entre ellas de manera virtual, aprovechando las tecnolog\u00edas de la comunicaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-foxiz-elements-note gb-wrap note-wrap none-padding yes-shadow\" style=\"--heading-border-color:#88888822;--border-width:0 0 0 0;--desktop-header-padding:15px 30px 15px 30px;--tablet-header-padding:15px 25px 15px 25px;--mobile-header-padding:15px 20px 15px 20px;--desktop-padding:15px 30px 30px 30px;--tablet-padding:15px 25px 25px 25px;--mobile-padding:15px 20px 20px 20px\"><div class=\"note-header gb-header\"><span class=\"note-heading\"><span class=\"gb-heading heading-icon\"><i class=\"rbi rbi-idea\"><\/i><\/span><h4 class=\"gb-heading none-toc\">Lecturas seleccionadas<\/h4><\/span><\/div><div class=\"note-content gb-content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-85d11b1a wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-container-content-a507e214\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/43wQ4VA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"333\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cover-of-the-book_-The-Liberty-Paradox.-Living-with-the-Responsibilities-of-Freedom.webp\" alt=\"Cover of the book_ The Liberty Paradox. Living with the Responsibilities of Freedom\" class=\"wp-image-22033\" srcset=\"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cover-of-the-book_-The-Liberty-Paradox.-Living-with-the-Responsibilities-of-Freedom.webp 333w, https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cover-of-the-book_-The-Liberty-Paradox.-Living-with-the-Responsibilities-of-Freedom-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cover-of-the-book_-The-Liberty-Paradox.-Living-with-the-Responsibilities-of-Freedom-8x12.webp 8w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 333px) 100vw, 333px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/4j3Mg2V\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"326\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Moral-Tribes-Emotion-Reason-and-the-Gap-Between-Us-and-Them.webp\" alt=\"Tribus morales - Emoci\u00f3n, raz\u00f3n y la brecha entre nosotros y ellos\" class=\"wp-image-21721\" srcset=\"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Moral-Tribes-Emotion-Reason-and-the-Gap-Between-Us-and-Them.webp 326w, https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Moral-Tribes-Emotion-Reason-and-the-Gap-Between-Us-and-Them-196x300.webp 196w, https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Moral-Tribes-Emotion-Reason-and-the-Gap-Between-Us-and-Them-8x12.webp 8w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 326px) 100vw, 326px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-container-content-a507e214\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/43o4KoY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"333\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cover-of-the-book-Uncivil-Agreement.-How-Politics-Became-Our-Identity.webp\" alt=\"Identidad pol\u00edtica_ Portada del libro *Uncivil Agreement. How Politics Became Our Identity*\" class=\"wp-image-21718\" srcset=\"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cover-of-the-book-Uncivil-Agreement.-How-Politics-Became-Our-Identity.webp 333w, https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cover-of-the-book-Uncivil-Agreement.-How-Politics-Became-Our-Identity-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cover-of-the-book-Uncivil-Agreement.-How-Politics-Became-Our-Identity-8x12.webp 8w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 333px) 100vw, 333px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/43nOKDj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"333\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Seeing-Us-in-Them.webp\" alt=\"c0ver of the book Seeing Us in Them\" class=\"wp-image-20463\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Seeing-Us-in-Them.webp 333w, https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Seeing-Us-in-Them-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Seeing-Us-in-Them-8x12.webp 8w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 333px) 100vw, 333px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3He0CQI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"354\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Where-Tyranny-Begins.-The-Justice-Department-the-FBI-and-the-War-Against-Democracy.webp\" alt=\"Cover of \u2018Where Tyranny Begins\u2019 by David Rohde, investigating the role of the Justice Department and the FBI in democratic governance\" class=\"wp-image-18842\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Where-Tyranny-Begins.-The-Justice-Department-the-FBI-and-the-War-Against-Democracy.webp 354w, https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Where-Tyranny-Begins.-The-Justice-Department-the-FBI-and-the-War-Against-Democracy-212x300.webp 212w, https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Where-Tyranny-Begins.-The-Justice-Department-the-FBI-and-the-War-Against-Democracy-8x12.webp 8w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 354px) 100vw, 354px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Today in the U.S. many people from other countries still want to live here, study here, come for a visit.&nbsp; That is not true for every country, and is not necessarily something Americans can expect to be true forever.&nbsp; Whether people still want to come to the US still rests a lot in the hands of ordinary Americans, how we treat people every day, whether we look out for them, and lend them helping hands.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soft power is like social capital among countries.&nbsp;Governments are important part of this social capital, but they are not the only players involved.&nbsp;We are all involved.&nbsp; How our communities welcome immigrants; our schools, international students; our neighborhoods, foreign visitors, these are our opportunities to build trust and social capital with the world.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/es\/apertura-clave-poder-blando\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"15097\" target=\"_self\">El poder blando<\/a> es la capacidad de un pa\u00eds para persuadir, en lugar de coaccionar, a otros pa\u00edses a adoptar su punto de vista. Se basa en las relaciones que las personas de ese pa\u00eds mantienen con personas del resto del mundo.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":88,"featured_media":24327,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":289,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1164],"tags":[745],"ppma_author":[1087],"class_list":{"0":"post-24306","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-the-thinking-line","8":"tag-geopolitics"},"pp_statuses_selecting_workflow":false,"pp_workflow_action":"current","pp_status_selection":"publish","authors":[{"term_id":1087,"user_id":88,"is_guest":0,"slug":"irene-s-wu","display_name":"Irene S. Wu","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/irene-s-wu.webp","url2x":"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/irene-s-wu.webp"},"0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/88"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24306"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24306\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25085,"href":"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24306\/revisions\/25085"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24327"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24306"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=24306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}