Qu'est-ce que la connaissance tacite ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Simply put, tacit knowledge is information that is buried in our subconscious minds and that we are not aware of until needed. For example, that gut feeling we get when something we see or are being told does not seem to make sense to us is one form of tacit knowledge at work.<\/p>\n\n\n
![\"Tacit](\"https:\/\/politicsrights.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Beyond-the-Facts-book-cover.webp\")
<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\nTacit knowledge is also experiences that are learned. The most widely recognized example is what we learn by riding a bicycle. You can\u2019t give someone a book to read on learning to ride a bike. You have to mount one, pedal it around, fall down and eventually you know how to ride it. A cook who can sense when a dish is seasoned \u201cjust right,\u201d is another example. These are real bodies of knowledge\u2014facts if you will\u2014that shape how we respond to circumstances and take actions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les sp\u00e9cialistes de l'information voient le monde comme rempli de faits qui sont explicites ou tacites. Les faits explicites sont ceux qui se transmettent facilement, par exemple par \u00e9crit ou \u00e0 l'oral : je m'appelle Jim et je suis n\u00e9 le 7th<\/sup>, or Canada borders the USA. Tacit is anything that is not explicit, such as what the mind accumulates in the way of information necessary to ride a bike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L'un des attributs essentiels de l'IA est la capacit\u00e9 de ce logiciel \u00e0 parcourir Internet ou des fichiers num\u00e9riques, \u00e0 tout lire et \u00e0 en tirer des r\u00e9ponses \u00e0 nos questions pour produire des textes destin\u00e9s aux humains ou pour agir. Mais ce sur quoi il s'appuie est, par d\u00e9finition, explicite, et, au moyen de r\u00e8gles logicielles, il tire des conclusions et agit selon la mani\u00e8re dont il analyse ces faits. Il y a toutefois un probl\u00e8me, car les philosophes, les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es, les membres du clerg\u00e9, les neuroscientifiques et d'autres sp\u00e9cialistes de l'information estiment qu'il existe dans le monde davantage de connaissances tacites que de connaissances explicites. <\/p>\n\n\n\n La connaissance tacite fait l'objet, depuis des d\u00e9cennies, de nombreuses \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par des philosophes, des psychologues, des sp\u00e9cialistes des sciences de l'information et des biblioth\u00e8ques, des historiens et des \u00e9conomistes. <\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n AI experts believe that, too, and so are trying to get to that body of knowledge. Another problem is that we really don\u2019t know how much there is out there since over 8 billion people have unique collections of such information. Imagine for an AI system trying to learn how to ride a bicycle all on its own or trying to deal with one organization\u2019s unique circumstance, or the reader\u2019s specific issue. <\/p>\n\n\n\n For the rest of us in any profession or academic discipline, therefore, we need to understand the existence, nature and use of tacit knowledge far beyond what we have known before. Humans also know and believe that what they individually understand about their realities and desires is often more profoundly influenced by tacit knowledge than by \u201cthe facts.\u201d A prejudice that flies in the face of known explicit knowledge is a good example. That children of immigrants tend to do quite well in a new society is a fact, but if you don\u2019t like immigrants, you will deny that because your gut instinct\u2014prejudice\u2014tells you otherwise. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Tacit knowledge has been the subject of much study by philosophers, psychologists, library information studies experts, historians, and economists for decades. Biologists are living in a golden age of discoveries about human and other animal brains, how they function, what they know, and so forth. Scientists are learning more these days than they have ever done in history. My research on tacit knowledge comes at the issue from history, its use in business and governmental environments, and how society uses it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n I have documented how people need to use it to travel through their workdays and personal lives. They integrate, then combine, explicit and tacit knowledge to make decisions and take action. That combination is part of a larger integration of information in families, neighborhoods, businesses, and society at large. We are learning that human and animal societies develop a wide variety of sources of information into what is increasingly known as information ecosystems, where one collection of facts or tacit understanding affects other collections of information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Scholars are, first, identifying connections among bodies of explicit and tacit knowledge. Insights and discoveries in one discipline raise questions in other ones that can be studied to gain new insights, such as how computers\u2014AI\u2014can be shaped by what biologists learn about brain functions. Specialized journals are increasingly willing to publish articles, such as this one, which will accept papers from multiple fields, not just from political scientists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Les institutions universitaires explorent et enseignent la connaissance tacite et les pratiques d'exploration de donn\u00e9es.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n Complex projects increasingly require the skills and knowledge of people from multiple disciplines. These are then studied to see what new information ecosystems emerge and look like.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Les experts emportent aussi leurs intuitions (leur connaissance tacite) vers des emplois d'autres domaines ; l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 l'on passait toute sa carri\u00e8re dans un m\u00eame poste ou une m\u00eame profession s'estompe \u00e0 mesure que les gens se d\u00e9placent, apportant la connaissance tacite \u00e0 d'autres emplois, secteurs et professions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cConnecting the dots\u201d is a byproduct of such behavior driven by a pervasive curiosity that one explains and which derives largely from tacit knowledge behavior. Effective performers go where the evidence takes them, such as when a grandparent suggests to their grandchild that they explore doing something different than originally intended, or that a mentor advises a young employee. Such users of tacit and explicit knowledge consciously try to build their own information infrastructures, such as reading journal articles in their profession, other media from different disciplines, asking questions, seeking out advice all over the place. They recognize that they swim in an ocean of unknown information that is interesting and of potential use to them.<\/p>\n\n\n\nPourquoi la connaissance tacite nous importe-t-elle ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Qu'apprenons-nous ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Comment tire-t-on parti des connexions ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n