Social media platforms have increasingly become hotspots for hate speech and xenophobia. The rapid advancements in communication technology have facilitated the widespread dissemination of hateful, prejudiced, and violent content, often targeting minorities and exacerbating social tensions. This harmful online behavior can lead to devastating real-world consequences, as evidenced by the ethnic violence against Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar and the Tigrayan people in Ethiopia. Defining and moderating hate speech online presents significant challenges. Social media companies bear a growing responsibility for regulating this content, guided by international human rights standards. These standards emphasize the need for a balanced approach that protects freedom of expression while preventing harm. However, the global nature of social media complicates the regulation of hate speech due to the diverse legal frameworks and cultural contexts of different countries.
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