Professor of the Philosophy of Education at Harvard University. Author of Epistemic Ecology (2025), True Enough (2017), Between the Absolute and the Arbitrary (1997), Considered Judgment (1996), With Reference to Reference (1983), and co-author with Nelson Goodman of Reconceptions in Philosophy and Other Arts and Sciences (1988). She is an epistemologist whose work focuses on the nature and scope of understanding. Her research investigates how epistemic agents, working together, devise, deploy, and improve cognitive resources to advance cognitive goals.